Kriyā Shārira (Physiology)

2 Question Papers 100 Marks each : (90 Marks +10 Marks for Internal Assessment )

Practical : 200 Marks (180 Marks +20 Marks for Internal Assessment)

 Lectures ( 1 Hour ) : 210

Practical work (1 1/2 Hour) : 210

First Paper

Total Marks:100 Marks ( 90 Marks+10 Marks for Internal Assessment)                                           

Part - A

50 Marks ( 45 Marks + 5 Marks for Internal Assessment )

1. Detailed description of principles of Āyurvediya Kriyā Shārira with Knowledge of modern aspects of Kriyā Shārira wherever needed.

2. Explanation of term “sharira” ( also according to Nyāya and Vaishesika Darshana). Synonyms of Sharira. Description of word “Kriyā”. Introduction of types of purusha according to Dhātu Bheda.Clinical importance of Shaddhātuja Purusha. Dosha, Dhātu & Mala as basic elements of body. Pānchabhautic origin of Dosha Dhātu & Mala. Physiochemical composition of Sharira, Introduction of biophysical & biochemical principles. Inter relation between Trigunas and Tridoshas. Similarities between Loka and Purusha. Derivation and etimology of Dosha,Dhātu, Updhātu, Mala and their numerical introduction. Evolution of the process of Deha and Mānasa prakriti, their types and introduction , types of different factors producing Deha prakriti Symptoms ( Lakshana) and examination of different prakriti .Application of prakriti examination in nutrition, vocational guidance, preventive measures against probable diseases in future and selection of medicine. Description of “Shatakriyākala” like Sanchaya, Prakopa, Prasara etc. Disorder produceability of Doshas and their importance in causing diseases. Causes and symptoms of Kshaya and Vridhi of Doshās.

3. Details of Shārira Dosha, derivation of Vāta, Pitta & Kapha and their Swaroopa,                   Guna,Karma,Sthana and Bheda. Types of Doshās and their Sthana, Guna and Karmas.
Concept of prakrutic and vaikrutic doshas, importance of  understanding sites of tridoshas, importance of dosha – dhatu relation.

4. Special function of prāna vayu - Mechanism of respiration, detailed study of prānavaha Srotasa, Knowledge of respiratory tract ,Control of Prāna vayu over respiration and blood circulation, Shwāsavarodha ( Asphyxia ), Artificial respiration. Prānayamagata vāta and its importance. Description of Srotogata Avashishta vāyu.

5.  Special function of Udāna Vāyu - Dhvanyātmaka and Varnātmaka shabda. General introduction of Swara Yantra. Control and production of Vāka ( speech ).

6. Special function of Vyāna Vāyu - Circulation of Rasa - Rakta through Hridaya ( heart ), description of Hridaya ( heart ), Doshas of Hridaya, cardiac cycle, variation in cardiac sounds. Description and control of heart rate. Hritkāryāvarodha ( heart failure ). Blood pressure and Nādi vijnāna ( pulse ).

                                                                    Part - B                          

       50 Marks ( 45 Marks + 5 Marks for Internal Assessment )

7. Nutrition of the body, different types of food materials according to Panchmahābhuta, Origin of food according to Rasa, its types and classification. Biochemical composition of food materials, their properties and functions. Symptoms of vitamin deficiency. Factors influencing digestion. ( Description of Achchha pitta, Jātharāgni,Bhutāgni & Dhātwagni and description of features of Achchha pitta ). Digestion of food by teeth, tongue, Salivary glands and pharynx. Digestion in Mahāsrotasa and description of Physiology of its related organs. Detailed description of various Awasthāpaka in the process of Āhāra pāka Kriyā. Differentiation of Sāra, Kitta Bhāga and Absorption of Sāra. Production of Vātadidosha from food description of Nishthāpāka. Description of physiology of Yakrita ( liver ) and Pratihārini Sira ( portal vein ) and its relation to liver, description of production of Rasādi dhātu from Sārabhutānsa of food. Description of Dhātupaka ( Metabolic processes ), Different theories related to Dhātupāka. Details of Mridu, Madhya & Krura Kostha. Physiology of Agnyāshaya ( pancreas ) and pleehā        (spleen).

Second   Paper

 Total Marks:100 Marks ( 90 Marks+10 Marks for Internal Assessment)

Part –A

    50 Marks ( 45 Marks + 5 Marks for Internal Assessment )    

1. Description of Rasa Dhātu :

            Formation of Rasa Dhātu from Āhāra Rasa, Physiology of Rasāyani, Sthāna ( Location ), Guna              ( Qualities ) and Karma ( functions ) of Rasa Dhātu. Symptoms of Kshaya and Vriddhi of Rasa. Quantity of Rasa Dhātu, description of Rasavaha Srotasa, details of Ashtavidha Sāra (8 types of sāra). Concept of dhātu sāratva- features of dhātu sāra person, application of  sāra examination in daily life for vocational guidance, prevention of possible diseases, enhancing strength and immunity. Symptoms of Twakasāra Purusha. Introduction of Lasika Granthi ( Lymph ), their functions and Rasa circulation. Āshraya - Āshrayi Bhāva Sambandha of Rasa and Kapha.

2. Description of Rakta Dhātu  :

Formation and Site of Raktadhātu, Description of physiology of Raktavaha Srotasa. Ranjana of Rasa by Ranjaka Pitta, Features of Shudha Rakta, Specific function of Rakta ( Blood ), composition of Rakta ( Blood ), Formation of different Rakta ( Blood ) cells. Details of Rakta Skandana ( Blood Coagulation ) process, Knowledge of Rakta(Blood) groups. Symptoms of Raktasāra Purusha. Symptoms of deficiency and over production of Raktadhātu, Āshraya - Āshrayi Bhava Sambandha ( Mutual interdependence ) of Rakta and Pitta.

3.Description of Māmsa Dhātu :

Formation of Māmsadhātu, structure, qualities, place and functions of muscle fibres. Physiology of Māmsavaha Srotasa. Physiological changes due to muscle contraction,

Features of Māmsasāra Purusha. Features of Kshaya and Vriddhi of Māmsadhātu.

4. Description of Medo Dhātu :

Formation, Features, description of Guna ( Quality ), Karma ( function ) and Sthāna ( place ). Description of Medovaha Srotasa. Features of Medosāra Purusha and features of Kshaya and Vriddhi of Meda.

5.Description of Asthi Dhātu   :

Formation and features of Asthidhātu. Āshraya - Āshrayi Bhāva Sambandha (Mutual interdependence) of Vāta and Asthi dhātu. Physiology of Asthivaha  Srotasa. Features of Asthisāra Purusha. Features of Kshaya              ( deficiency ) and Vriddhi (over production ) of Asthi dhātu.

6. Description of Majja Dhātu   :

Formation, features, Guna, Karma and Sthāna (Place) of Majja dhātu. Features of Majja Sāra Purusha, description of Majjāvaha Srotasa. Rakta- Pitta - Majjā ( Red and yellow bone marrow ), features of Kshaya ( deficiency ) and Vriddhi ( over production ) of Majjā dhātu.

7.Description of Shukra Dhātu :

Formation and Sthāna ( place ) of Shukra dhātu. Description of physiology of Shukravaha Srotasa, its Swaroopa and Lakshanas. Features of Shukrasāra Purusha.

8.  Ojas - Swaroopa  :

Types, Pramāna ( quantity ), Kārya ( function ), Sthāna ( location ) and importance of Oja. Description of Oja - bala, its formation and its types.

Description of Vyādhikshamatwa, Ojovyāpada.

9. Upa Dhatu  :

Name, formation and number of Updhātus. Formation, qualities and function of Stanya. Formation, type and features of Ārtava. Details of Ārtava Chakra ( menstrual cycle ). Formation, types and functions of  twachā (skin).      

                                  Part – B                                      

50 Marks ( 45 Marks + 5 Marks for Internal Assessment )

10. Numbers of Āhara Mala and Dhātu Mala. Formation, Sthan (place) and functions of Mutra, Purisha and Swedādi Mala. Physiology of Mutravaha Srotasa and Kidney - urinary bladder.

11. Detailed description of Panchajnānendriya, their Adhishthāna and physiology of shabda, Sparsha, Roopa, Rasa, Gandha Jnānagrahana. Detailed description of Karmendriya. Introduction of regulatory centres of each Jnānendriya and Karmendriya.

12.Detail of location of central and autonomic nervous system. Description of different sensory and motor area. Description of Idā, Pingalā, Sushumnā and Shatachakra. Brief  introduction of Yogashāstra and control of Nādi by Yogābhyāsa.

 13.  Manas Swaroop and its Anutva, Ekatva and Karmendriyatva, place of Manas, description of Sangiya Manovaha Srotasa, Vishaya of Manasa - Description of Chintya etc., and their Karmukatva. Sankalpatwa and Indriyanigrahatwa. Manas alerting Ātma and its guna, Sukha - Dukhānubhava, causes of Jnānotpatti, Sannikarshatva of Ātma with Mana, Indriya,  vishaya and Ajnāna in their absence, Origin of sleep, dreams and Doshas of Manovaha Srotasa.  Conduction of  knowledge received by  Indriyas. Jnānamayatwa  of Prāna, its Dhāraktwa and Baladāyakatwa. Meaning of Sādhaktwa of Sādhakapitta situated in Hridaya. Indriya prerakatva of Udāna ,Vyāna vāyu, Buddhi Sahakārikatva and judgement of Sāra and  Asāra. Mutual relation of Mānasa and Shārira Dosha and their influence, different forms of Mana in different Purusha, physiological psychology (Manovijnāna ) and Tatvavivechana.

14. Granthi Samsthāna :  Description of different endocrine glands, their functions and their effects on body mind. Hypo and Hyper function of different Endocrine Glands and their symptoms.

15. Study of Environmental effects on human physiology.

Topics of Practicals

1.  General introduction and examination of Rasa, Rakta, Shukra Dhātu. and Mutra, Purisha malas.

2. Introduction and examination of Doshaja Prakriti. Record of Minimum 20 case sheets of different Prakriti examination to be prepared.

3. Examination and demonstration of Prakrita ( normal ) Dosha, Dhātu , Mala in healthy persons and their abnormal manifestation in diseased person.

4. Examination of blood sugar, serum proteins, serum lipids & blood urea etc. in healthy persons.

5. Examination and demonstration of normal and abnormal constituents of urine.

6. General knowledge about microscope and its uses and information about histological study.

7.Blood slide formation and its staining, recognition and counting of WBC and RBC, Knowledge of counting process, Examination of Haemoglobin and demonstration of its normal and abnormal conditions.

8. General introduction and uses of instruments related to physiology as - Haemoglobinometer, Haemocytometer, Sphygmomanometer, Sphygmograph, ECG, EEG and Spirometer etc.

9. Knowledge of blood groups and blood collection. Examination of bleeding time and

clotting time.

10. Physiological demonstration of muscle contraction and nervous system on frog, rabbit and men.

11.  Sāra, Agni examination on minimum 10 patients.

Practical Marks Division

Total -   200 Marks (180 Marks +20 Marks  Internal Assessment)

1. Daily practical work                                           9 Marks   

2. Prakriti examination sheet                                 9  Marks                                                             

3. Sāra examination sheet                                      9 Marks                                                                             

4. Instruments demonstration                                9  Marks

5. Laboratory practicals examination                      45 Marks                                                             

6.  Practical Prakriti examination                             9 Marks                                                                               

7. Sāra examination                        

8.  Demonstration of normal and abnormal function of            45     Marks

      Dosha, Dhātu  & Mala in healthy & diseased

     persons respectively.                                

9.  Viva – voce                                                                          45            Marks  

10. Internal Assessment                                                           20           Marks

Duration :  30 minutes time for each examination like Prakriti examination in practical

                       examination.

Reference Books:

1.         Āyurvediya Kriyā Shārira                      -           Vd. Ranjeet Roy

2.         Abhinava Shārira Kriyā Vigyāna           -           Āchārya Priyavrata Sharmā

3.         Dosha Dhātu Mala Vigyāna                  -           Shankar Gangādhar Vaidya

4.         Prākrita Dosha Vigyāna                        -           Āchārya Niranjan Dev

5.         Tridosha Vigyāna                                  -           Shri Upendranāth Dās  

6.         Shārira Tatva darshan                           -           Hirlekar Shastri

7.         Prākrita Agni Vigyana                           -           Niranjan Dev

8.         Deha Dhātvagni Vigyāna                       -           Vd. Pt. Haridutt Shastri

9.         Shārira Kriyā Vigyāna ( pt. 1-2 )           -           Āchārya Purnchandra Jain

10.       Shārira Kriyā Vigyāna                           -           Shri Moreshwar Vaidya

11.       Dosha Dhātu Mala Vigyāna                  -           Basant Kumār Shrimal

12        Abhinav Shārira Kriyā Vigyāna             -           Dr. Shivkumār Gaud

13.       Prāyogik Kriyā Shārira                         -           Ācharya P.C. Jain

14.       Physiology                                            -           Guyton

  15.       Kāya Chikitsā Parichaya                       -           Dr. C.Dwārkānāth

16.       Concept of Agni                                   -           Vd. Bhagwān Dās

17.       Physiology                                            -           Chatterjee

18.       Purush Vichaya                                     -           Āchārya V.J.Thākur

19.       Useful parts of Charaka,Sushrut, Vāgbhata